The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to evaluate, and disclose to the public, the environmental impacts of any major action they are planning. The agencies need to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or an Environmental Assessment (EA). An EIS describes different ways the proposal could be implemented and identifies the environmental impacts of these alternatives. This presents the decision-maker with a range of choices along with information about the pros and cons of each choice. An EA is prepared when the environmental impacts of the proposal are thought to be less severe.
The decision processes incorporating the NEPA guideline are called NEPA processes.
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